CS Citing Conventions

Textbook Citations (Science and Health)

Citations for the textbook are formatted using the page number followed by a colon and the starting line number (e.g. 427:2–7).

They utilize the following specific abbreviations in parentheses:

  • (only): Read only the designated line or sentence, omitting the rest of the paragraph.
  • (to :): Read from the beginning of the line or sentence up to the first colon.
  • (to ;): Read from the beginning up to the first semicolon.
  • (to .): Read from the beginning up to the first period (used when stopping mid-paragraph or mid-sentence).
  • [No indicator]: Read from the specified starting line to the very end of the paragraph.

Bible Citations

Bible references use standard book abbreviations followed by the chapter and verse numbers (e.g., Job 28:12, 13–20).

To isolate specific clauses within a single verse, they incorporate text-matching markers:

  • [Verse Number] [Word]: If a verse citation is followed by a specific word (e.g., Mark 1:8 John 3:28 I said), the reader starts precisely at that word inside the verse.
  • (to first :): Stop reading at the very first colon encountered in that verse.
  • let, etc.: Lowercase letters or catch-words are sometimes included next to a verse number to indicate exactly which sub-phrase or clause to begin with.